Su ve Çevre Teknolojileri Dergisi 123. Sayı (Ekim 2018)

34 SU VE ÇEVRE TEKNOLOJİLERİ • 10 / 2018 suvecevre.com YORUM tadır. Elektriğin istenen çıktı olması durumunda, en iyi yaklaşımlar doğ- rudan üretim için bir MFC kullanımı veya MEC kullanarak H 2 ’den yakıt eldesi ile bir kimyasal yakıt hücresi- ne bunun depolanmasıdır. Konvan- siyonel teknoloji ile sadece yüksek konsantrasyona sahip atıksu (örn. kaynakta ayrılmış dışkı) anaerobik ayrışma için uygundur (Zeeman ve Kujawa-Roeleveld, 2013). İnovatif teknolojiler ile, MEC ve MFC sade- ce nispeten seyreltilmiş atıksular için uygulanabilirken, Tablo 1’de belirti- len yüksek verimlilik sadece konsant- re çözeltilerle elde edilebilir (Udert ve diğ., 2013). Son olarak, Tablo 1, atıksuda bulunan enerji miktarının, modern insan toplumunun ihtiyacını karşı- lamak için çok az olduğunu göster- mektedir (örneğin, 2.000 veya 5.000 W.p -1 ). Bununla birlikte, atıksudaki enerjinin elde edilmesi, şehrin enerji, sera gazı ve ekonomik durumu üze- rinde veya atıksu yönetiminde büyük bir pozitif etki yaratabilecektir. KAYNAKLAR - Goldenberg, J., ve Johansson, T.B., (2004), “World Energy Assessment Overview: 2004 Update”, United Nations Development Programme, New York. - Lee, H.-S., Vermaas, W., ve Rittmann, B.E., (2010a), “Biological Hydrogen Production: Perspectives and Challenges”, Trends Biotechnol., 28(5), 262-271. - Logan, B.E., (2004), “Extracting Hydrogen and Electricity from Renewable Resources: a Road Map for Developing Sustainable Processes”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 161A-167A. - Logan, B.E., Hamelers, B., Rozendal, R., Schröder, U., Keller, J., Freguia, S., Aelterman, P., Verstraete, W. ve Rabaey, K., (2006a), “Microbial Fuel Cells: Methodology and Technology”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 5181-5192. - Logan, B.E., Regan, J.M., (2006b), “Microbial Fuel Cells: Challenges and Applications”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 5172-5180. - Madigan, M.T., Martinko, J.M. ve Parker, J., (2003), “Brock Biology of Microorganisms”, 10th edn, Prentice Hall, Saddle Creek, NJ. - McCarty P.L., (1964), “Anaerobic Waste Tratment Fundamentals: Part IV, Process design”, Public Works, 95(Dec.), 3-22. - McCarty P.L., Smith, D.P., (1986), “Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 20, 1200- 1206. - Meda, A., Cornel, P. and Henkel, J., (2010), “Wastewater as a Source of Enegy - can Wastewater Treatment Plants be Operated Energetically Self-sufficient?”, In: Proc. of the IWA Leading Edge Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologies, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2-4 June. - Rittmann B.E., ve McCarty P.L., (2001), “Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications”, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. - Rittmann, B.E., (2006), “Microbial Ecology to Manage Processes in Environmental Biotechnology”, Trends Biotecnol., April 28, 2006, pp. 261-268. - Rittmann, B.E., (2007), “The Membrane Biofilm Reactor is Versatile Platform for Water and Wastewater Treatment”, Environmental Engineering Research, 12(4), 157-175. - Rittmann, B.E., (2008), “Opportunities for Renewable Bioenegy using Microorganisms”, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 100, 203-212. - Rittmann, B.E., (2013), “The energy issue in urban water management”, In: Source Seperation and Decentralization for Wastewater Treatment, T.A. Larsen, K.M. Udert and J. Lienert (eds.), IWA Publishing, London, UK, pp. 13-27. - Rittmann, B.E., Mayer, B., Westerhoff, P. ve Edwars, M., (2011), “Capturing the Lost Phosphorus”, Chemosphere, 84, 846-853. - Rittmann, B.E., Torres, C.I., and Marcus, A.K., (2008), “Understanding the Distinguishing Features of a Microbial Fuel Cell as a Biomass-based Renewable Energy Technology”, Emerging Environmental Technologies, V. Shah (ed.), Springer, pp. 1-28. - Shapouri, H., Duffield, J.A. ve Mang, M., (2001), “The Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol: an Update”, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. - Speece, R.E., (1996), “Anaerobic Biotechnology for Industrial Wastewater”, Archea Press, Nashville, TN. - Torres, C.I., Marcus, A.K., Lee, H.- S., Parameswaran, P., Krajmalnik- Brown, R. Ve Rittmann, B.E., (2010), “A Kinetic Perspective on Extracellular Electron Transfer by Anode-respiring Bacteria”, FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 34, 3-17. - Udert, K.M., Brown-Malker, S., Keller, J., (2013), “Electrochemical Systems”, In: Source Seperation and Decentralization for Wastewater Treatment, T.A. Larsen, K.M. Udert and J. Lienert (eds.), IWA Publishing, London, UK, pp. 321-335. - Zeeman, G., Kujawa-Roeleveld, K., (2013), “Anaerobic Treatment of Source-seperated Domestic Wastewater”, In: Source Seperation and Decentralization for Wastewater Treatment, T.A. Larsen, K.M. Udert and J. Lienert (eds.), IWA Publishing, London, UK, pp. 307-319. l